想要閱讀拿高分？四類細(xì)節(jié)題必須拿下

　　摘要：在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中，細(xì)節(jié)題所占比例最大，在20道閱讀題中，細(xì)節(jié)題的比例能占到60%。因此想要閱讀拿高分，就一定要先拿下細(xì)節(jié)題，掌握細(xì)節(jié)題的答題方法。

　　所有的閱讀都分為三個(gè)部分：原文、題干和選項(xiàng)。原文是解題的依據(jù)，題干是解題的方向，選項(xiàng)是解題的關(guān)鍵。我們要知道題干在很多時(shí)候卻是我們定位和篩選正確答案的殺手锏，尤其在應(yīng)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，切記：點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)。

　　細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)考查內(nèi)容不同可劃分為以下幾種類型：論點(diǎn)論據(jù)題，傳統(tǒng)細(xì)節(jié)題，原因細(xì)節(jié)題，人物觀點(diǎn)題?？忌鷳?yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)注每一種細(xì)節(jié)類型題的特點(diǎn)，以找到有效的做題思路，在最后階段更上一層樓。

　　1、論點(diǎn)——論據(jù)題

　　論點(diǎn)——論據(jù)題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)例證的理解，也是考綱中對(duì)論點(diǎn)論據(jù)要求的具體體現(xiàn)。一般情況下，這類題目的題干信息提供論據(jù)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，考生需要根據(jù)其定位段落，然找到論據(jù)證明的論點(diǎn)，最后選出與之對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)的正確選項(xiàng)。

　　例1：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.(2017, Text1)

　　21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to _____.

　　[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks

　　[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

　　[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports

　　[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection

　　根據(jù)題干中的細(xì)節(jié)信息“The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804”回文定位在上文(原文二段)中，信息描述特點(diǎn)可以判斷出段落的結(jié)構(gòu)，中心句在第一句話中，后文的細(xì)節(jié)實(shí)為論證上文觀點(diǎn)，所以匹配信息“Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.”，“美國(guó)人愿意忍受耗時(shí)的安檢程序以確保安全”正確選項(xiàng)為[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks。

　　2、傳統(tǒng)細(xì)節(jié)題

　　傳統(tǒng)細(xì)節(jié)題也稱之為事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，有兩種不同的形式，其一是題干中提供部分信息，考生需要在選項(xiàng)中對(duì)應(yīng)出剩余準(zhǔn)確信息;其二是題干以which形式進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，針對(duì)某一細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行正確錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的判斷。無(wú)論以哪種形式出現(xiàn)，考生需要掌握細(xì)節(jié)表述中的同義替換的表達(dá)形式。

　　例2：It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’ s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.(2017, Text1)

　　24. One problem with the PreCheck program is _________.

　　[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale

　　[B] its wrongly-directed implementation

　　[C] the government’s reluctance to back it

　　[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment

　　根據(jù)題干信息“problem with the PreCheck ”可以定位至上文(文章第六段)，句中表述的fatal flaw就是PreCheck program的問(wèn)題的同義置換，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題就是price“價(jià)格”，所以對(duì)應(yīng)正確選項(xiàng)D, “加入這一項(xiàng)目的價(jià)格不合理”。答案中的表述是對(duì)原文陳述的總結(jié)陳詞，這也是答案對(duì)應(yīng)的一種典型方式。

　　3、因果細(xì)節(jié)題

　　因果細(xì)節(jié)題是細(xì)節(jié)信息和因果關(guān)系相結(jié)合的一種考查題類型?？忌枰鶕?jù)題干準(zhǔn)確定位并明確因果邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)而解題。

　　例3：Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. (2017, Text2)

　　28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _________.

　　[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life

　　[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history

　　[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival

　　[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“The construction of the TMT”、“opposed”和“some locals ”定位原文至上文(第三段)，根據(jù)原文表述，一些反對(duì)者認(rèn)為這些望遠(yuǎn)鏡是“a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation”，可推知，是對(duì)曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國(guó)家遭受占領(lǐng)的痛苦的提醒，對(duì)應(yīng)信息可得答案B。

　　4、人物觀點(diǎn)題

　　人物觀點(diǎn)題是根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)信息判斷人物的觀點(diǎn)，考生需要理解定位句中具體的細(xì)節(jié)性信息，判斷人物的觀點(diǎn)傾向，隨之解題。

　　例4: “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos. (2017, Text2)

　　26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates ________.

　　[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

　　[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient times

　　[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

　　[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time

　　該題針對(duì)第一段中人物觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行命題，從人物的言語(yǔ)“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”中找到引言想要傳達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，第二句話中“Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.”體現(xiàn)對(duì)天文學(xué)家重要的社會(huì)地位，所以對(duì)應(yīng)正確選項(xiàng)為B。

　　最后再次強(qiáng)調(diào)：緊扣細(xì)節(jié)題干，準(zhǔn)確判斷題型，回文定位，點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)，注意總結(jié)正確選項(xiàng)的替換方式。