2020考研英語秘籍：語法精煉之表語從句

　　摘要：語法的重要性幫幫已經(jīng)說過很多次了，沒有語法基礎(chǔ)光靠背單詞是不可能讀懂長難句，也無法在閱讀上取得高分的。為了方便大家記憶，幫幫整理了考研英語語法精煉，希望可以幫助大家更方便的學(xué)習(xí)英語~

　　表語從句位于主句的連系動(dòng)詞之后，在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。如：

　　That’s not what I want. 那不是我要的。

　　That’s why I have come. 那就是我為什么來了。

　　My opinion is that things will improve. 我的意見是事情會(huì)好起來的。

　　One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 太陽能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)枯竭。

　　The truth is that he didn’t really try. 實(shí)際情況是他沒有真正努力。

　　The problem is who is to pay and when we can start. 問題是誰來付帳、我們又何時(shí)開始。

　　The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。

　　What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。

　　All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。

　　What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。

　　The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。

　　What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。

　　All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。

　　What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。

　　此外，表語從句還可由as if (好像)引導(dǎo)。如：

　　It looked as if it was/were going to rain. (虛擬語氣) 看起來好像要下雨了。

　　翻譯練習(xí)：

　　這就是她昨天請(qǐng)一天假的原因。

　　That is why she had a day off yesterday.

　　我的想法是，個(gè)人的權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到充分尊重。

　　My idea is that individual rights should be fully respected.

　　問題在于上帝是否真的存在。

　　The question is whether the God really exists.

　　我想知道的是，他是如何在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的。

　　What I want to know is how he managed to complete the project in such a short time.

　　形容詞后的that 從句

　　that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。如：

　　I am sure/certain that he’s at home now. 我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家。

　　He became angry that you made the same mistake. 你犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤，他生氣了。

　　He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他會(huì)贏

　　She is aware that I can’t help her. 她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿Α?br />
　　I am glad that you’ve come. 你來了我很高興。

　　He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. 我說不，他似乎很吃驚。

　　I am afraid that I can’t promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保證什么。

　　We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你沒能來我們有點(diǎn)失望。

　　I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情。

　　what 從句的小結(jié)

　　1.意思是“所….的事/物”, 相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that…, that which…, 或those which… 可以用于以下情況：

　　(1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句。如：

　　What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情嚇了她一跳。

　　What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了事實(shí)。

　　What I’m afraid of is their taking him to that place. 我怕的是他們帶他到那地方去。What we are worrying about is just her innocence. 我們擔(dān)心的是她的幼稚。

　　But what hurt our feelings most was the personal comment of the judge. 最傷我們感情的是法官的私下評(píng)論。

　　What will be, will be. 要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的。(諺語)

　　What is gone is gone. 過去的事就過去了。

　　(2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：

　　That’s what I hope. 那就是我希望的。

　　I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be. 我想當(dāng)老師，那是我想干的事。

　　Times are not what they used to be. 時(shí)代不同了。

　　He’s not what he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了。

　　Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身體應(yīng)該更好。

　　(3) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，包括介詞賓語。如：

　　He could not express what he felt. 他不能表達(dá)他的感受。

　　Well, I’ll do what I can. 好吧，我盡力。

　　I can’t do what you’ve just asked of me. 我不能做你剛才要求我的事。

　　And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away. 得到了他要的東西，他拿上帽子就走了。

　　As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作為你的朋友，我想告訴你我所聽到的。

　　The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父親開始批評(píng)男孩所做的事。(注意時(shí)態(tài))

　　She was not happy at what he had said. 她對(duì)他說的話不高興。

　　Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管閑事。

　　The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 這座城市和十年前不同了。

　　It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來，它那時(shí)候是個(gè)小地方。

　　The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父親開始批評(píng)男孩所做的事。(注意時(shí)態(tài))

　　She was not happy at what he had said. 她對(duì)他說的話不高興。

　　Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管閑事。

　　The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 這座城市和十年前不同了。

　　It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來，它那時(shí)候是個(gè)小地方。

　　I don’t care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金錢或者別人所謂的地位。

　　Philip was depressed by what he had gone through. Philip經(jīng)歷過的事情使他很消沉。

　　They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state. 他們能掙來的東西，百分之五十交給了國家。

　　2.用作插入語，指代后面的成分。這和非限定性定語從句正好相反，非限定性定語從句指代的是前面的成分。如：

　　Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Mary’s niece. 后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，他妻子原來是Mary的侄女，這對(duì)我是個(gè)新聞。

　　He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river. 他從來不參加男孩子通常做的體育活動(dòng)，更奇怪的是，他從來不坐船出去到河上面去。

　　He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他講話生動(dòng)有趣，更重要的是，他對(duì)課題了如指掌。

　　He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去參加了會(huì)議，而且更糟糕的是，他堅(jiān)持要發(fā)言。

　　It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 這是本很有用的書，再說也不貴。

　　You’ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what’s more, you’ll get no sympathy from anybody. 你怪不著別人，只能怪你自己;還有，你得不到任何人的同情。

　　We invited a new speaker and, what’s more, he was happy to come. 我們請(qǐng)到了一位新的發(fā)言人，而且他很樂意來。

　　3.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，等于“不管什么…”。注意狀語從句的語序。如：

　　Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她會(huì)做什么，她都編不出不去的理由。狀語從句把實(shí)義動(dòng)詞放在句首，句子倒裝。=No matter what she would do, …

　　Come what may, you’ll always keep it secret. 無論怎樣，你都要保守秘密。=No matter what may come, ….

　　Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there. Jack已經(jīng)拿定主意，無論如何他也要呆在那里。=…no matter what might come, …

　　Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. 不管他怎么說，內(nèi)心里他知道自己錯(cuò)了。= No matter what he will say.