2020考研英語秘籍：語法精煉之強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞

　　摘要：語法的重要性幫幫已經(jīng)說過很多次了，沒有語法基礎(chǔ)光靠背單詞是不可能讀懂長難句，也無法在閱讀上取得高分的。為了方便大家記憶，幫幫整理了考研英語語法精煉，希望可以幫助大家更方便的學(xué)習(xí)英語~

　　一、強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞

　　用“助動(dòng)詞do + 動(dòng)詞原形”來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　注意：謂語動(dòng)詞只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)能強(qiáng)調(diào)，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，do有人稱的變化，第三人稱單數(shù)用does，一般過去時(shí)do 變成did。其他時(shí)態(tài)的強(qiáng)調(diào)通過重讀謂語動(dòng)詞來體現(xiàn)。

　　例如：

　　You’re quite wrong, she does like you. 你錯(cuò)了，她真的喜歡你。

　　Do come in. 快進(jìn)來。

　　用“助動(dòng)詞do + 動(dòng)詞原形”來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　1.強(qiáng)調(diào)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞謂語：

　　例如：

　　I work hard. → I do work hard.

　　She loves you. → She does love you.

　　My father smokes a lot. → My father does smoke a lot.

　　2.強(qiáng)調(diào)一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞謂語：

　　例如：

　　I called you in the morning.

　　→ I did call you in the morning.

　　I attended the meeting yesterday.

　　→ I did attend the meeting yesterday.

　　I handed in the paper yesterday.

　　→ I did hand in the paper yesterday.

　　He wrote a letter to me yesterday.

　　→ He did write a letter to me.

　　He came to see you yesterday.

　　→ He did come to see you yesterday.

　　其他表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的方式

　　1.把要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在句首：

　　例如:

　　That film?what do you think of it?

　　Asleep, then, were you?

　　2.用某些特殊的詞來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，如really, certainly, definitely, very等。在口語中，such 和so 都常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

　　如：

　　Thank you so much.

　　It was such a lovely party.

　　I really enjoyed it.

　　This is the very book that I am looking for. 我要找的就是這本書。

　　二、強(qiáng)調(diào)非謂語

　　其基本句型是：“It + is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that/who + 其她成分”。It 沒有實(shí)意，只起語法作用，引導(dǎo)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時(shí)，可用who(m)/that, 其他情況用that。

　　例如：

　　It was I who/that met Jack yesterday. 是我昨天碰到了Jack.

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

　　It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday. 我昨天碰到的是Jack。

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)

　　It was yesterday that I met Jack. 是昨天我碰到了Jack.

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)

　　這幾句話復(fù)原為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句就是：I met Jack yesterday.

　　It is people, not things, that are decisive. 決定的因素是人，不是物。

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

　　It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it. 是因?yàn)檫@本書對(duì)我目前的工作很有用，我才買了它。

　　(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語)

　　It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him. 是在那家超市里我給了他那本書。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)

　　1.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：

　　It was John who broke the window. 是John打破了窗子。

　　原句：John broke the window.

　　It is this overpass that will be pulled down. 將被拆掉的是這個(gè)天橋。

　　原句：This overpass will be pulled down.

　　It is the people who/that are really powerful. 真正有力量的是人民。

　　原句：The people are really powerful.

　　2.強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語：

　　(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。

　　例如：

　　It was at that moment that he changed his mind.

　　是在那一刻他改變了主意。

　　It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming.

　　史密斯教授是天天去游泳。

　　It was not until Saturday that he began to prepare for the examination. 他直到星期六才開始為考試作準(zhǔn)備。

　　注意：這句話的原句是He did not begin to prepare for the examination until Saturday. 變成強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語，注意 “not” 位置的變化。

　　(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語。

　　例如：

　　It was in the library that I met Jack yesterday.

　　是在圖書館我昨天碰到了Jack.

　　原句：I met Jack in the library yesterday.

　　It might have been on the bus that I lost my purse.

　　可能是在公共汽車上我丟失了錢包。

　　原句是：I might have lost my purse on the bus. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語，也可改為：It was on the bus that I might have lost my purse.

　　It was under the tree that I was sitting then. 當(dāng)時(shí)我正坐在那棵樹下。

　　3.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語。

　　例如：

　　It was Tom’s bike that she borrowed, not mine.

　　她借的是Tom的自行車，不是我的。

　　It is his dog that he’s sold, not his car. 他已賣掉的是他的狗，不是車。

　　It was a cat that your dog was running after. 你的狗追的是只貓。

　　4.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語補(bǔ)足語：

　　例如：

　　It was wonderful that we considered his plan.

　　我們認(rèn)為他的計(jì)劃是絕妙的。

　　It is Lincoln that they named the aircraft carrier.

　　他們把那艘航母命名為林肯號(hào)。

　　It was captain that the team chose him. 那個(gè)隊(duì)選他當(dāng)?shù)氖顷?duì)長。

　　It was white that Tom was painting the fence.

　　湯姆當(dāng)時(shí)正在把籬笆涂成白色的。

　　這句話的原句是： Tom was painting the fence white.

　　類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：color the sun red, color the tree green, paint the wall pink 等，這里，顏色作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

　　It is a fine player that we believe Jane.

　　我們相信Jane是一個(gè)出色的選手。

　　It is the Buckingham Palace that the British Queen’s office building is called. 英國女王的辦公大樓被稱作白金漢宮。

　　It is Cadillac that this car is named. 這輛車被命名為卡迪拉克。