摘要:英語(yǔ),絕大多數(shù)考研人都會(huì)考的一科,一般是大家最熟悉最早下手的科目,相信大家都聽過學(xué)長(zhǎng)學(xué)姐們說,英語(yǔ)主要是刷好真題就好,刷真題沒
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摘要:英語(yǔ),絕大多數(shù)考研人都會(huì)考的一科,一般是大家最熟悉最早下手的科目,相信大家都聽過學(xué)長(zhǎng)學(xué)姐們說,“英語(yǔ)主要是刷好真題就好”,刷真題沒錯(cuò)。最重要的是要刷好真題
如果只是泛泛的做一遍真題,那真的是浪費(fèi)了這一套最好的復(fù)習(xí)資料,真題有限
為了不讓大家平白浪費(fèi),幫幫決定拿出一篇文章,帶領(lǐng)大家刷一遍,大家要學(xué)會(huì)至少要這樣分析文章和試題才可以??
2017 年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(一)試題
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.
[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to .
[A] faster
[B] quieter
[C] wider
[D] cheaper
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is .
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck—A Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
【試題及文章解析】
【文章大意】
本文選自2016年5月的《華盛頓郵報(bào)》(The Washington Post),原文標(biāo)題為《快一點(diǎn),等一等》(“Hurry up and wait”)。本文主要圍繞美國(guó)主要機(jī)場(chǎng)愈發(fā)冗長(zhǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍這一話題展開論述,文章分析了導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的原因、解決對(duì)策以及對(duì)策的利弊。
【篇章結(jié)構(gòu)】
美國(guó)機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢排隊(duì)的問題
第一段:美國(guó)主要機(jī)場(chǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍愈發(fā)冗長(zhǎng)。
第二段:分析了人們?cè)敢馊淌芎臅r(shí)安檢的原因。
第三段:分析了安檢隊(duì)伍變長(zhǎng)的原因:安保增強(qiáng)和航班增加。
第四段:分析了安檢隊(duì)伍變長(zhǎng)的原因:安檢人手不足,機(jī)場(chǎng)空間有限和乘客過度打包隨身行李。
第五段:提出一個(gè)解決安檢隊(duì)伍冗長(zhǎng)的對(duì)策——預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目。
第六段:分析預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目的弊端——價(jià)格不合理。
第七段:敦促預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目發(fā)揮效用。
【試題解析】
21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to .
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide
[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports
[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks
[D]emphasis the importance of privacy protection
21. 提及埃及航空公司804航班墜毀事件是為了 。
[A] 強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)全球飛行安全的緊迫性
[B] 強(qiáng)調(diào)升級(jí)美國(guó)主要機(jī)場(chǎng)的必要性
[C] 解釋美國(guó)人對(duì)當(dāng)前的安檢程序?qū)捜莸脑?br />
[D] 強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)隱私的重要性
[C] 細(xì)節(jié)題
【題干定位】根據(jù)題干中的 The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 可定位至第二段第二句。
【解題思路】舉例的功能在于支持觀點(diǎn),而觀點(diǎn)通常在舉例句的前一句。第二段第一句指出,美國(guó)人愿意忍受耗時(shí)的安檢程序以確保安全,緊接著下一句指出原因:埃及航空804號(hào)航班以悲劇的形式再次提醒(provides another tragic reminders)大家為什么要這么做(即愿意費(fèi)時(shí)接受安檢)。據(jù)此可知,提及埃及航空公司804航班墜毀是為了解釋美國(guó)人愿意接受耗時(shí)的安檢程序的原因,故選[C]。
【排除】[A] 文中并未提到強(qiáng)調(diào)世界范圍內(nèi)安全的問題;[B]升級(jí)美國(guó)主要機(jī)場(chǎng)的必要性,只是提高安全性的一個(gè)手段,但并不是作者所提倡的;[D]并未提及隱私保護(hù)問題。
22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
22. 以下哪一項(xiàng)導(dǎo)致了主要機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)的情況?
[A] 關(guān)于隨身攜帶行李的新規(guī)定。
[B] 美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局效率不斷下降。
[C] 飛機(jī)乘客數(shù)量的增加。
[D] 頻繁的突擊秘密檢查。
[C] 細(xì)節(jié)題
【題干定位】由題干中的 long waits at major airports 可定位至第三段第二句。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句內(nèi)容可知,導(dǎo)致主要機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢隊(duì)伍變長(zhǎng)的原因有兩個(gè):enhanced security measures(強(qiáng)化的安檢措施)和 a rise in airline travel(航空旅行人數(shù)的增多),[C] 項(xiàng) an increase in the number of travelers 為原文 a rise in airline travel 的同義替換。故選[C]。
【排除】[A] 第四段提到 carry-on bags(隨身攜帶行李),但是否出臺(tái)了有關(guān) carry-on bags 的新規(guī)定無從推斷;[B] 文中說的是美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局未能預(yù)見飛行乘客劇增,并未提及效率不斷下降;[D] 第三段提到 secret check,但 frequent 一詞無從推斷,且并沒有secret checks 導(dǎo)致安檢排隊(duì)的表述。
23. The word “expedited” (Line 3, Para.5) is closest in meaning to .
[A] faster
[B] quieter
[C] wider
[D] cheaper
23. 第五段第三行的單詞“expedited”最有可能的意思是 。
[A] 更快的
[B] 更安靜的
[C] 更寬闊的
[D] 更便宜的
[A] 語(yǔ)義題
【題干定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Line 3, Para. 5 可定位至第五段第三句。
【解題思路】該句指出,那些需要進(jìn)行背景調(diào)查的旅客可以用 expedited screening lanes。緊接著下一句用 this 指代前文,提到這一舉措可以使 TSA 關(guān)注那些高危的旅客,從而節(jié)省每個(gè)人的時(shí)間(saving time for everyone)。既然能節(jié)省時(shí)間,故 expedited screening lanes 應(yīng)與安檢流程速度(加快)有關(guān),[A] faster 能匹配此語(yǔ)義。故選[A]。
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is .
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment
24. 預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目存在的一個(gè)問題是 。
[A] 規(guī)模大幅度削減
[B] 導(dǎo)向錯(cuò)誤的實(shí)施
[C] 政府不愿對(duì)其提供支持
[D] 不合理的注冊(cè)費(fèi)用
[D] 細(xì)節(jié)題
【題干定位】根據(jù)題干中的 Precheck Program 和 one problem(fatal flaw) 可定位至第六段。
【解題思路】第六段闡述了該項(xiàng)目的問題,其中第一句指出,預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)大問題是sticker shock(價(jià)格標(biāo)簽讓人震驚),之后解釋:乘客必須每五年支付85美元來進(jìn)行背景審核(Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks),預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目的價(jià)格存在重大缺陷(this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw)。第三句還指出,接下來的改革可能會(huì)把價(jià)格調(diào)整到合理水平(Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a reasonable level),言外之意就是現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格“不合理”,綜上,Precheck Program 的問題就是價(jià)格不合理,故選[D]。
【排除】[A]和[B]項(xiàng)在原文未提及。[C] 項(xiàng)與原文信息不符,原文在本段最后一句提到政府應(yīng)該直接參與到價(jià)格調(diào)整中去(But Congress should look into doing so directly…),本句并未體現(xiàn)出政府是否愿意或不愿意支持這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
25. 以下哪一選項(xiàng)是本文的最佳標(biāo)題?
[A] 少一些安檢,多一些安全
[B] 預(yù)檢——遲來的解決方案
[C] 被卡在安檢隊(duì)伍中
[D] 未充分使用的預(yù)檢通道
[C] 主旨題
【題干定位】本題為主旨題,需結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容作答。
【解題思路】本文首段引出話題——美國(guó)主要機(jī)場(chǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍愈發(fā)冗長(zhǎng);第二段解釋了人們?cè)敢馊淌芎臅r(shí)安檢的原因;第三、四段分析了安檢隊(duì)伍變長(zhǎng)的幾個(gè)原因;第五段提出了解決安檢隊(duì)伍冗長(zhǎng)的對(duì)策——預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目;第六段則闡述了該項(xiàng)目的的弊端以及解決對(duì)策;最后一段則表明了作者對(duì)預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目的看法——早應(yīng)該讓其發(fā)揮效用。綜上所述,本文主要是圍繞安檢隊(duì)伍愈發(fā)冗長(zhǎng)這一現(xiàn)象展開論述,并分析了其背后的原因、解決方案以及方案的弊端等,預(yù)檢只是主題的解決方案部分,并不是主題本身。[C] 項(xiàng)更能概括全文,故選[C]。
【排除】[A] 與原文表述矛盾,因?yàn)樵恼f的就是為了保障航空安全才增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)的安全檢查;[B] 預(yù)檢是針對(duì)冗長(zhǎng)安檢隊(duì)伍提出的一種解決對(duì)策,屬于局部?jī)?nèi)容,不足以概括全文;[D] 所涉及的內(nèi)容也就是預(yù)檢的弊端,僅在文章末端出現(xiàn),不足以概括全文。
【單詞及搭配】
in advance 提前
authority n. 當(dāng)局
recommend v. 推薦,建議
domestic adj. 國(guó)內(nèi)的
massive adj. 大量的,大規(guī)模的
tolerate v. 容忍
time-consuming adj. 耗費(fèi)時(shí)間的
crash n. 墜毀
terrorist n. 恐怖分子
down v. 擊倒
tragic adj. 悲劇的;悲慘的
undermine v. 損害
drag n. 累贅,阻力
infuriating adj. 令人發(fā)怒的
undercover adj. 秘密的
investigator n. 調(diào)查者
sneak v. 偷偷摸摸做
weapon n. 武器
fake adj. 假的
anticipate v. 預(yù)期
steep adj. 急劇的
dispute v. 對(duì)……表示異議
eligible adj. 有資格的,合適的
fatal adj. 致命的
sticker shock (美國(guó)術(shù)語(yǔ))形容定價(jià)太高
flaw n. 瑕疵,缺陷
reform n. 改革
enrollment n. 登記;注冊(cè)
divert v. 轉(zhuǎn)移
expedite v. 加速;加快
【長(zhǎng)難句解析】
1. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.
【句子分析】本句主干為 The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804... provides another tragic reminder of why,為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu);which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾 Egypt Air Flight 804。
【翻譯】疑因恐怖分子襲擊而墜入地中海的埃及航空804號(hào)航班以悲劇的形式再次提醒大家為什么要這么做。
2. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried.
【句子分析】本句主干為 the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found... that...;Last year 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);in a secret check 做狀語(yǔ),表范圍;that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句主干為 undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons,both fake and real 為同位語(yǔ),解釋說明 weapons,past 后面為狀語(yǔ)表伴隨,they tried 為定語(yǔ)從句。
【翻譯】去年,美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局在一次秘密檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn),管理局的便衣調(diào)查員每次嘗試偷運(yùn)武器的時(shí)候(無論真假),幾乎都能順利地通過安檢。
3. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as
Chicago’s O’Hare International.
【句子分析】主干:Enhanced security measures... have resulted in long waits...;combined with... 為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),表伴隨,其中 due to 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ);at major airports 為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ);句末的 such as 為舉例部分。
【翻譯】從那時(shí)起,增強(qiáng)的安檢措施,連同因經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和低油價(jià)所促成的航空班次的增多,共同導(dǎo)致了像芝加哥奧黑爾國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)之類的主要機(jī)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍。
【全文翻譯】
一開始是兩小時(shí),現(xiàn)在是三小時(shí)——這就是航空局建議乘坐國(guó)內(nèi)航班的旅客需提前到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)的時(shí)間,至少美國(guó)一些主要機(jī)場(chǎng)是這么建議的,這些機(jī)場(chǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍正變得越來越長(zhǎng)。
美國(guó)人現(xiàn)在愿意忍受費(fèi)時(shí)的安檢程序,以換取更高的安全性。疑因恐怖分子襲擊而墜入地中海的埃及航空公司804航班以悲劇的形式再次提醒大家為什么要這么做。但是對(duì)航空乘客要求太多或者提供的安全保障不足,反過來又會(huì)降低公眾對(duì)安檢程序的支持。就會(huì)演變成:浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間耽誤了美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和私人生活,更不用說讓乘客感到憤怒。
去年,美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局在一次秘密檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn),管理局的便衣調(diào)查員每次嘗試偷運(yùn)武器的時(shí)候(無論真假),幾乎都能順利地通過安檢。從那時(shí)起,增強(qiáng)的安檢措施,連同因經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和低油價(jià)所促成的航空班次的增多,共同導(dǎo)致像芝加哥奧黑爾國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)之類的主要機(jī)場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的安檢隊(duì)伍。目前,安檢措施是否變得更加有效尚未可知,但安檢排隊(duì)(長(zhǎng))確實(shí)很明顯。
導(dǎo)致這一問題的部分原因是政府沒有預(yù)料到乘坐飛機(jī)出行的乘客數(shù)量會(huì)猛增,所以美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局現(xiàn)在正緊鑼密鼓地在各機(jī)場(chǎng)增加新的安檢人員。另一個(gè)原因是,機(jī)場(chǎng)只有這么多空間,能容下的安檢隊(duì)伍有限。還有一個(gè)因素可能是,盡管航空公司強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),還是有很多人為避免托運(yùn)行李的費(fèi)用而過度打包他們的隨身行李。
美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局可以采取的一個(gè)不需要改造機(jī)場(chǎng)或倉(cāng)促招聘人員的措施,那就是讓更多的乘客參加預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目。預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目對(duì)游客和美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局而言是雙贏的選擇。通過背景檢查的乘客有資格使用快速安檢通道。這能使美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局能夠?qū)⒅攸c(diǎn)放在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的乘客身上,從而節(jié)省所有人的時(shí)間。美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局計(jì)劃將2500萬(wàn)乘客納入預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目。
然而,這一計(jì)劃離實(shí)施還很有距離,其中的一個(gè)主要原因就是價(jià)格驚人。乘客必須每五年支付85美元進(jìn)行背景審核。從一開始這一價(jià)格就是預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目的重大缺陷。接下來的改革也許會(huì)把價(jià)格調(diào)整到合理的水平。但是國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)該通過資助預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目或以別的方式來降低成本,直接參與到價(jià)格調(diào)整中去。
在大部分乘客忍受不必要排隊(duì)之苦時(shí),美國(guó)運(yùn)輸安全管理局不該繼續(xù)將資源投入到未充分使用的預(yù)檢通道中去。早就該讓預(yù)檢項(xiàng)目真正地發(fā)揮作用了。
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