從六大考察題型教你英語(yǔ)閱讀解題技巧（上）

　　摘要：考研英語(yǔ)流傳一句話，得閱讀者得英語(yǔ)，所以閱讀真的是很重要。前幾天還聽到有人吐槽，閱讀錯(cuò)4、5個(gè)還有救么，當(dāng)然有救了！這才哪跟哪兒，現(xiàn)在錯(cuò)這么多，好好總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，考研的時(shí)候就不錯(cuò)啦。

　　今天幫幫先為大家從小標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)題和推理題三個(gè)方向講解閱讀解題技巧，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。篇幅原因，下期推送態(tài)度題（?？迹⒅髦碱}（必考）和詞匯題（生詞）的解題技巧，還請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注哦~

　　一、小標(biāo)題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】段落中心+選項(xiàng)核心詞匹配

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 分析選項(xiàng)，找出核心詞

　　2. 逐一瀏覽相應(yīng)段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　在尋找段落核心信息時(shí)，主要是看有沒有出現(xiàn)標(biāo)題當(dāng)中的核心詞(包括原詞、近義詞、同根詞等)或段落主題句，如果有，那就是段落的中心或主題，如果沒有明顯的核心詞或主題句，就需要我們對(duì)段落信息進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié)。

　　3. 匹配段落中心語(yǔ)義和標(biāo)題

　　【例題】2016年英語(yǔ)二Part B

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　[A]Be silly

　　[B]Have fun

　　[C]Express your emotions

　　[D]Don't overthink it

　　[E]Be easily pleased

　　[F]Notice things

　　[G]Ask for help

　　As adults， it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness， often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art - and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead， they look after their wellbeing instinctively， and usually more effectively than we do as grown-ups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

　　41___________.

　　(2) What does a child do when he's sad？ He cries. When he's angry？ He shouts. Scared？ Probably a bit of both. As we grow up， we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours， which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions， especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately， and then-again， like children-move on.

　　答案：[D] Express your emotions.

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 分析選項(xiàng)，找出核心詞為express， emotions

　　2. 逐一瀏覽相應(yīng)段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　emotions一詞在本段中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)了兩次，而且第二次出現(xiàn)該詞的句子句首是轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，在找段落中心時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)折后是必讀部分。最后一句提到了出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞express，提到對(duì)待情緒的方式是acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately，為段落中心句。

　　3. 匹配段落中心語(yǔ)義和標(biāo)題

　　D選項(xiàng)中的express在原文中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，emotions 即what we feel的同義替換，選項(xiàng)D與原文完全對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選D。

　　二、細(xì)節(jié)題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】題干+選項(xiàng)精確定位法

　　【解題步驟】

　　1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章

　　返回原文可依據(jù)以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)來(lái)：

　　1)可以根據(jù)題干所列的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事物返回原文；

　　2)根據(jù)出題的順序返回原文；

　　3)根據(jù)題干中或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的重點(diǎn)詞，或同義詞返回原文；

　　4)通過長(zhǎng)難句返回原文。

　　2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章

　　【例題】2014年英語(yǔ)二Text 1 Q.21.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton， which of the following is the most rewarding purchase？

　　[A]A big house [B]A special tour [C]A stylish car [D]A rich meal

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1 .題干定位

　　Dumn and Norton---- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton

　　According to----say

　　the most rewarding ----far better

　　purchase---- to spend money on

　　因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema.

　　2. 選項(xiàng)定位

　　答案[B] A special tour

　　special----interesting 表示"特別的，有趣的"；

　　a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。

　　三、推理題解題步驟及技巧

　　【解題方法】段落中心句+具體細(xì)節(jié)

　　【解題步驟】

　　1.找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章段落。

　　2.找出該段落的中心句。

　　3.將段落中心句與具體細(xì)節(jié)句相結(jié)合，與選項(xiàng)匹配。絕大多數(shù)推理題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同義表達(dá)。正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關(guān)系。

　　【例題】2014年英語(yǔ)二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　24. According to the last paragraph， Happy Money_______.

　　[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

　　[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

　　[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　【解題步驟應(yīng)用】

　　1. 題干定位

　　題干關(guān)鍵詞：the last paragraph

　　Happy Money----this book

　　2. 段落中心句

　　該段中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句間轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet和but，中心句應(yīng)為最后一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的句子，所以本段的中心句為most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

　　3. 匹配選項(xiàng)

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"這本書值得購(gòu)買"

　　（實(shí)習(xí)小編：加油豬）