考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀中態(tài)度題的解題技巧

　　摘要：考研英語(yǔ)中，閱讀理解都會(huì)考到觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。這類題型主要考查的是對(duì)作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的理解和把握，考研英語(yǔ)試卷對(duì)這一部分的考查主要表現(xiàn)為情感態(tài)度題，接下來(lái)就為大家說(shuō)說(shuō)這類題型要如何解答。

　　這種題型經(jīng)常以問(wèn)作者對(duì)某事是什么態(tài)度的形式出現(xiàn)，一般有以下主觀感覺(jué)：主觀(subjective)還是客觀(objective)；肯定(positive)還是否定(negative)；贊成(approval)還是反對(duì)(opposition)等等。這就要求大家要把握作者寫(xiě)該篇文章的目的，明白作者對(duì)文章所論述的觀點(diǎn)和中心所持的態(tài)度。

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，很多小伙伴都會(huì)覺(jué)得這種題目難度較大，迷惑性也較強(qiáng)，主要原因是命題專家針對(duì)的是整篇文章來(lái)設(shè)問(wèn)，這樣就使得我們很難找到具體對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，所以把握整篇文章就很重要了。

　　例如作者在談一件事時(shí)是用反諷的口氣，還是贊成的語(yǔ)氣，此類題所給的答案選項(xiàng)一般是四個(gè)形容詞，我們應(yīng)在審題時(shí)就把握好這四個(gè)形容詞所表達(dá)的意思，然后返回文章去尋找信息。

　　特別提醒大家要牢記所遇到的構(gòu)成作者態(tài)度題選項(xiàng)的每一個(gè)形容詞，做這類題時(shí)，萬(wàn)不可把自己的態(tài)度揉進(jìn)文章中，同時(shí)要注意區(qū)分作者本人的態(tài)度與作者引用的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。

　　理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是近幾年考試的熱點(diǎn)題目，在做此類題時(shí)要把握這樣的判斷原則：既縱觀全文，掌握主題思想有要注意文章的措辭，把握文章的基調(diào)或主旨(tenor)，又要分清文章的話語(yǔ)范圍(field)及話語(yǔ)方式(mode)。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞，顯然是贊成；若用貶義詞，顯然是反對(duì)；若是客觀陳述，則是中性的立場(chǎng)，不偏不倚。
　　注意：作者態(tài)度常常在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后表明出來(lái)，因此but一詞至關(guān)重要(還有類似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。

　　dissatisfaction,它們作為標(biāo)記語(yǔ)反映出作者對(duì)某個(gè)現(xiàn)象采取的姿態(tài)，并從情感的角度評(píng)價(jià)該現(xiàn)象。因此，既要依靠文章的中心思想作為前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是作為修飾語(yǔ)的形容詞。
　　大家在平時(shí)的單詞理解中要結(jié)合不同的語(yǔ)境，不同的文章體裁，綜合地認(rèn)知寓意，才能透徹地理解作者的意圖。

　　另外，判斷作者情感態(tài)度除了關(guān)注作者的措辭，還要可以通過(guò)關(guān)注作者的舉例角度和講解角度，來(lái)判斷文章作者的態(tài)度傾向：如果作者的一直論述某事物的積極地向上 的方面，其態(tài)度基本上是積極樂(lè)觀的如果作者舉例論證某觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，給的例子是正面的，那么我們同樣可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是積極樂(lè)觀的如果作者的論述有好有壞，舉例有正面有反面，我們基本上可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。同樣，我們通過(guò)具體的真題案例進(jìn)一步解釋這一點(diǎn)。

　　最后，我們以1997年第54題為例進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析:
　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”

　　The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. InAustralia-- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

　　54、 The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
　　[A] opposition
　　[B] suspicion
　　[C] approval
　　[D] indifference
　　我們通過(guò)閱讀該文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)文章首段記述了安樂(lè)死法案通過(guò)以及當(dāng)時(shí)在全球引起的反響，首段作者使用“it is world history”， 來(lái)表達(dá)他對(duì)該事件的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為它意義重大緊接著在第二段，作者首先討論世人對(duì)此態(tài)度不一，但是作者通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這個(gè)潮流不太可能被逆轉(zhuǎn)了。第三段，作者用一個(gè)肺癌病人為例，該病人認(rèn)為安樂(lè)死法案的通過(guò)意味著自己可以平靜地度過(guò)最后的時(shí)光，不用擔(dān)心臨死前要遭受的折磨。很明顯這個(gè)事例是認(rèn)識(shí)安樂(lè)死法案的通過(guò)是一件好事。那么文章就作者的態(tài)度命題，答案肯定是approval。

　?。▽?shí)習(xí)編輯：劉明忠）