2016考研英語強(qiáng)化階段閱讀解題技巧之段落推理題

　　各位考生，暑假來臨，考研復(fù)習(xí)進(jìn)入了重要的攻堅(jiān)階段--強(qiáng)化階段。如果大家基礎(chǔ)階段一直堅(jiān)持復(fù)習(xí)，那么強(qiáng)化階段就要注重閱讀技巧的總結(jié)和練習(xí)。能夠針對考研英語閱讀的各種題型：細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題、詞義題、例證題、主旨題、態(tài)度題總結(jié)實(shí)用的解題技巧，提升自己的正確率。而在所有閱讀題型中，推理題是占第二大比例的題。根據(jù)萬學(xué)海文多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)推斷題分為細(xì)節(jié)推理題和段落推理題。今天我們著重講解段落推理題的解題秘訣。

　　首先，段落推理題目題干中的標(biāo)志詞為infer,learn,imply, conclude, suggest, indicate等；以及段落標(biāo)志詞paragraph 3，the first paragraph, the first two paragraphs，當(dāng)只有這兩種詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，即可判定其為段落推理題。其次，推理題的?？汲鲱}點(diǎn)：1.段落首末句、主題句、觀點(diǎn)句；2.與主題密切相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)；3、轉(zhuǎn)折的地方；4.強(qiáng)調(diào)或者遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的地方?？佳杏⒄Z閱讀中推理題通常為正反推理和歸納總結(jié)。最后，做題時(shí)考生還要記住以下幾點(diǎn)：1、主題大于細(xì)節(jié)，觀點(diǎn)大于論據(jù)；2、推理必須以原文為依據(jù)；3、特別關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折，弄清轉(zhuǎn)折前后內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系。
 

　　?推理題解題步驟如下：

　　首先，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，判斷是否為段落推斷題。段落推斷題關(guān)鍵詞為Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。

　　其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔細(xì)閱讀該句。段落中心句往往是段落考察的重點(diǎn)，因此考生可以重點(diǎn)分析段落中心句。

　　最后，段落中心句和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行精確比對，直擊答案。
 

　　?下面以最近十年真題為例，為大家詳細(xì)剖析段落推理題解題秘訣。

　　真題：2006年Text 2

　　27.   It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.

　　[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately

　　[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers

　　[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers

　　[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater

　　The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

　　【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為單段落推理題。本段有轉(zhuǎn)折詞however 和觀點(diǎn)句the RSC contends, 這兩句任選一句為段落中心句，或者兩句聯(lián)合理解，即可選出正確答案。However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. （看戲的人除了看戲還要進(jìn)行一些觀光。）It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.（RSC認(rèn)為，恰恰是看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶了大多數(shù)的收入，因?yàn)樗麄兯麄冞^夜(有些人4到5天）向酒店和餐館注入現(xiàn)金。兩句都強(qiáng)調(diào)"看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶來了大多數(shù)的收入"因此正確答案為B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers（看戲的人比觀光的人花更多的錢）。

　　真題：2006年Text 2

　　26.   From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.

　　[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue

　　[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage

　　[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms      

　　[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism

　　Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.

　　The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

　　【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為雙段落推理題。答案一般為第二段段落中心句?？忌业降诙味温渲行木洌纯烧页鲱}目答案。第二段是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，因此首句為第二段段落中心句"The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.（斯特拉特福德的居民懷疑劇院增加了他們的收入一分錢。）因此，可以推出選項(xiàng)A the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue（小鎮(zhèn)居民否認(rèn)劇院為小鎮(zhèn)收入做出了貢獻(xiàn)）為正確答案。
 

　　最后，提醒各位考生學(xué)會(huì)迅速找到段落中心，就能解決段落推理題，因?yàn)檎_答案一般就是段落中心句的同義改寫。